The Social Infrastructure in India includes the education system in India, health care, the management of the education and health services in India that form the basic social infrastructure definition. The India government looks after the social development in India by careful infrastructure planning and handling the social issues in close coordination.
The infrastructure development of any country includes both economic infrastructure development that is the development of various sectors like Energy, Power, Telecom, Transport (Railways, Roadways, Aviation and Shipping), Infotech, Finance, etc. and also the social infrastructures including education and health issues.
India development is incomplete without social development and that would require focus on the infrastructure strategy for social research India. The infrastructure policy of India needs to be made more comprehensive with major changes in the infrastructure projects taken up in the past and more research behind the project infrastructure so as to yield maximum developmental results.
The infrastructure research work includes the current issues that require immediate attention in a proper infrastructure report and then formulation and planning of projects in sync with the infrastructure industry.
The metro cities in India including Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi and smaller cities in Maharashtra like Pune and Nagpur have a very well developed economic as well as social infrastructure. The leading one still remains Goa followed in close second by Kerala. The social infrastructure in India needs to reach the standards these states have reached individually. The health and education system of Goa and Kerala is the most developed one in India with the maximum literacy rates in both general literacy as well as health literacy.
EDUCATION
Education in India:
Imparting education on an organized basis dates back to the days of ‘Gurukul’ in India. Since then the India education system has flourished and developed with the growing needs of the economy. The education in India statistics are however in a sad state showing a below average literacy rate. The education ministry in India formulates education policy in India and also undertakes education programs designed specially for kids, for women, for the people in prisons and other special projects for social development of India.
Education system India:
Education in India until 1976 was the responsibility of the state governments; it was then made a joint responsibility of both centre and state. The centre is represented by the Education Ministry a subsidiary of the Ministry of Human Resource Development India. The Education Ministry India decides the India education budget allocating education grants for projects to upgrade the education levels in India.
The education system in India consists of primarily six levels:
- Nursery Class
- Primary Class
- Secondary Level
- Higher Secondary Level
- Graduation
- Post Graduation
Education Institutions India:
Education in India follows the 10+2 pattern. For higher education there are various state run as well as private institutions and universities providing a variety of courses and subjects. The accreditation of the universities is decided under the universities grant commission act that has formed autonomous institutions that have the right to provide accreditation to universities and ‘vishwvidyalayas’. The education department consists of various schools, colleges and universities imparting education on fair means and education for all sections of the society.
Education Problems and Reforms in India:
The main problem of the education system in India is that the targets set by the centre or the ministry of education to achieve a 100% literacy rate has never been achieved except for Kerala state. Also the unorganized education sector with many state and national level education boards operating like the SSLC, ICSE, CBSE, IB and IGCSE having different curriculum and study patterns provides a non-uniformity to the India education system.
The education reforms taken up include a compulsory and free education for all children below the age of 14 years, subsidized higher education and various scholarship and education programs to achieve the literacy targets. The ministry of education India under the ministry of human resource developments is undertaking the task of forming a uniform pattern in the study curriculum at all education levels in India. This education policy if followed strictly can solve the basic problems being faced by the education system of India. Also the government and all Leading Banks In India provide education loans on low interest rates to students for higher education.
HEALTH
Health in India
Health in India is a state government responsibility with the national health policy laying down the necessary health policy in India. The central council of health and welfare formulates the various health care projects and health department reform policies. The administration of health industry in India as well as the technical needs of the health sector are the responsibility of the ministry of health and welfare India.
Health care in India has many forms. These are the ayurvedic medicine practice, Unani or Galenic Herbal Care, Homeopathy, Allopathy, Yoga, and many more. Each different healthcare form has its own treatment system and practice patterns. The medical practicing in India needs a proper licensing from the health ministry.
Health Department in India
The health ministry in India takes care of the health department. The main responsibility of the health ministry India is to provide hygienic health care solutions for all, supervision of the basic health infrastructure development in India by construction of hospitals, nursing homes and dispensaries as per the needs of the area.
Health Care Services in India:
The health care services in India are mainly the responsibility of the health ministry and also the private companies in the health industry in India collectively. Provision for adequate medical facilities for all including enough hospitals and other healthcare institutions to cater to the healthcare needs of the people, medicines and drugs supply, medical equipments and other medical products and ser vices required in the health department.
Hospitals or Healthcare Institutions in India:
The ministry of health and family welfare India has set up many state run hospitals that provide subsidized medical facilities to all. Besides these health ministry run health institutions, many private companies have also set up big hospitals and specialty clinics that provide health care services. The specialty healthcare institutions include heart institutes, cancer hospitals, nursing homes, and many others. Toady the health industry in India is a flouring one with many foreign health care companies extending their health services in India and providing quality healthcare services to people in India.